the trinity of YHWH
under construction -make sure refs have period after book name
DEISTIC FUNCTIONS - A window on the trinity
see "Trinity webpage template" Wordpad file in C drive/Documents
[see: sacred names.txt]
Delving into the Greek article's "switched-off" function, I found that I needed an overview of the different grammatical contexts in which the deistic and switch functions modify certain crucial words. These words are not names, but nouns that are sometimes used in the NT as titles for Deity, i.e. God, Lord, Anointed-One, Son, Father, (Pure-)Spirit and Heaven.
Under specific conditions (listed below), I label these titles either "deistic" or "switched". Scholars of NT Greek refer to many of these by a Latin term with the English meaning "sacred names". They are roughly the same as what the TENT translation calls the Greek article's "deistic' and "switched" functions, some of which seem to have evolved from certain ancient Hebraisms and euphemisms.
Making a verse reference list for each of those "deistic" and "switched" titles, and looking up each occurrence in context, I noted how they could be translated when they occurred with and without the article, and as either singular or plural nouns. Each combination of these variations of article and number seems to describe a distinct meaning consistent with every same Greek grammatical combination occurrence.
The Greek articles take some digging to sort out, because the articles in English Bible verses are not necessarily also there in the Greek. The reverse is also true. Articles in the Greek are not necessarily there in English translations. Until now, translators have had fairly free rein when deciding whether or not the Greek article should be translated into English, or whether it was a hindrance to English style. Now an accurate and consistent TENT translation of the Greek article's deistic and switch functions changes that.
My overall conclusion is that the deistic article, the presence of the non-vocative Greek article before an unmodified Greek noun, is a Hebraic/Greek device indicating that the noun is in relationship to YHWH, i.e. the love [from-YHWH]. The switch function, the non-vocative Greek article's absence before a title of Deity such as 'Lord' or 'Son', is meant to imply the name, "YHWH", i.e. "YHWH" instead of "Lord" or "God", or it might imply part of a title, i.e. Lord [-YHWH] or it might imply a Person of YHWH, e. g. [YHWH's-]Son. In such a NT switch function situation (no article), 'Father', 'Son' or 'Spirit' are to be understood as 'YHWH', that is, as "Father[-YHWH]", [YHWH's-]Son, and [YHWH's-]Spirit.
In these two ways, either the presence or absence of the Greek article, allows the Tetragrammaton, “YHWH”, to be perfectly understood by koine Greek readers or hearers without breaking the traditional man-made Hebraic taboo, that is, without the pronouncing of, or even the appearance of, the Sacred Name, יְהוָ֑ה / “YHWH”.
The recognition and understanding of this cultural/linguistic device unfortunately did not survive the centuries of Jewish exile and persecution. With the active hostility of the Dark and Middle ages “universal church” bent on either erasing or modifying much of the Jewish spiritual heritage, the Hebraic tradition of the deistic article and switch function ‘disappeared’, that is, they became no longer recognized, at least in western Church translated Scripture.
To give an idea of the various deistic use cases which I found were possible, I include some here from lists of the Nomina Sacra, the "sacred names", as they relate to the different deistic and grammar functions.
***The "sacred names" below are found in the form of abbreviations above lines of ancient Greek NT texts, some before 300CE. Post lists of all their occurrences in the NT in the Downloads section, and how they are translated in the TENT. See on the Downloads page, after this page is finished. [LINK]
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
***
Greek noun or title: θεός / thay-ahs'
(Strong's # NT2316) meaning: (a) mighty-one / (a) god / (a) judge
Examples below are translated from Hebraic biblical Greek in the TENT as shown in the categories of the deistic and switch functions, and I also include the vocative case for comparison :
1.) After a Greek deistic article , θεός functions as a Greek Hebraic euphemism for a title of deity: "The Mighty One"
Examples:
a. Mat. 5:34 - "...it is a throne for The [deistic artic.] Mighty One;"
b. Mat. 22:32 - "He is not The [deistic artic.] Mighty One for ones dead, instead, for ones living."
c. 2Cor. 1:19 - "For the Son of The [deistic artic.] Mighty One,..."
2.) with no preceding article θεός functions as the Greek Hebraic switch function for the name of Deity, the Tetragrammaton: "YHWH"
Examples:
a. Mat. 14:33 - "You are YHWH's Son..."
b. 1 Cor. 7:7 - "...each one has their own granting from YHWH"
c. Heb. 12:23 - "...and to YHWH, Judge of all people..."
3.) in the Greek vocative case, θεός indicates direct address: "O Mighty One" / “O God"
Examples:
a. Mat. 27:46 - [voc. case] "O my God!" translated from Heb./Aram.- "Eli" - "my God") (2x)
b. Luke 18:11 - [voc. case] "O Mighty One, I thank You..."
c. Heb. 1:8 - "...Your throne, [voc. case.] O Mighty One, is..."
TENT Translation examples:
Rev. 21:3 - "3 Then I heard a great voice from the [deistic artic.] throne [of-YHWH] calling out: 'Behold! The tent of The Mighty One is amidst the [deistic artic.] people [of-YHWH], and He will encamp together with them, and they will be His peoples, and The Mighty One Himself will be among them.'"
[More examples: 2 Cor. 6:16, Gal. 1:4, Eph. 3:9, Col. 4:12, 2Tim. 3:17, Heb. 3:4, Jam. 2:5, Rev. 3:14, Rev. 4:8, Rev. 7:10,12,15, Rev. 11:17, Rev. 14:19, Rev. 15:3, Rev. 16:7]
_________________________________
_________________________________________
3. singular with no Grk. article: "(a) mighty one / judge" / OR [switch function]: “YHWH”
a. Heb. 1:6- "...and all YHWH's angels bow down before Him!"
b. 1 Jn. 4:12 - "No one has seen YHWH even once;..." [Exo 33:20]
c. Lk. 20:38 - "Now He is not [a] god/mighty one for ones dead, but for ones living;..."
TENT Translation examples: see written note under paperclip;
find one big juicy one
[More examples: abt. 1-1/2 lines of refs.
_________________________________________
4. plural with no Grk. article: "skies / (Hebraism ) Heaven" (from shamayim, a Hebrew plural often used in the OT as a euphemism for God's name)
TENT Translation examples:
[More examples:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
***
Lord -
Greek noun/title: κύριος / koo'-ree-ahs (S# NT2962)
1. with Grk. article: “the lord / the Lord”
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address, “O Lord”
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article: "(a) lord" OR [switch function]: “YHWH”
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
_________________________________________________________________________________
Messiah -
Greek noun/title: Μεσσίας / meh-see'-ahs (S# NT3323 - a Greek transliteration from Hebrew OT4899 - Mah-shee'-akh)
Eng. transliteration of the Grk.: "Messiah" / Eng. translation of Grk./Heb.: "Anointed-One")
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________________
***
Anointed-One / (possessive) Anointed-One's -
Greek adjective/title : Χριστιανός / khris-tee-ah-nahs' (S# NT5546, from S# NT5547 - anointed-one)
possessive as adj.: Anointed-One's [fig.: Christian/Messianic]
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
4. possessive form:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________
Son -
Greek noun/title: υἱός / we-ahs' (S# NT5207 – son / offspring [fig.: potential-heir])
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Father -
Greek noun/title: πατήρ / pah-tehr' (S# NT3962 – father [from Aramaic S# OT2])
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
___________________________________________________________________________________
***
Spirit -
Greek noun/title: πνεῦμα / new'-muh (S# NT4151 – spirit [with S# NT40 - Pure-Spirit ] ) [see Comment on "Holy" (S# NT40)
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________________
sky/Heaven (singular and plural in combinations with deistic and switch functions for various Hebraic euphemisms as below)
The following is how this pattern of number and definite article seems to work for literal, figurative, and Hebraic meanings for Strong's NT3772, including a possible Hebraic euphemism, and example verses of each type. Note: presence or absence of the Greek (definite) article is a key to these translations.
First let's take the Greek singular :
The Greek singular noun for "sky" is also used for the Hebraic euphemism for YHWH, i.e. "Heaven" and also for the sacred name "YHWH" Greek singular noun : οὐρανός / oo-rah-nahs' (S# NT3772 – sky. Greek plural with no article
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article (singular):
a.
b.
c.
TENT translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
Let's take the Greek plural next:
4. no Grk. article (plural):
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
3772-
plural with def. art. (72x) = literally, "(the) skies" [figuratively by Hebraism for "(the) spiritual realms" - Mt. 12:50]
Note: I have chosen to translate the Hebrew euphemism "the heavens" with "the spiritual realms" to avoid confusion. In current English "the heavens" is a poetic form for the starry night sky and lacks the required spiritual dimension to fully translate the Hebraic euphemism. / Also cp. Comment NT3588 (last half)
Translation: (the) skies (Mt 3:17; 5:12; 13:52; 16:17; 16:19; 18:10; Mk 1:11; 13:25b; Lk 21:26b;Heb1:10;2Pet3:7) [fig.: (by Hebraism) (the) spiritual-realms (Mt 3:2; 12:16; Mk 11:25; 12:25; Lk 10:20; 11:2a; Act 2:34; 2Cor 5:1; Eph 1:10; Col 1:5; Heb 4:14; 9:23; Rev 12:12)]
___________________________________
singular with def. art. (139x) = literally, "(the) sky" [figuratively by Hebraism for "(the) spiritual realm"]
Note: Also cp. Comment NT3588 (last half)
Translation: (the) sky (Mat 14:19; 16:1; 24:29b; 24:30; 26:64; Mk 7:34; Mk 13:25a; Lk 4:25) [fig.: (by Hebraism) (the) spiritual-realm (Mt 5:34; 16:1; 22:30; Lk 13:25a; Lk 3:21; 6:23; Jn 1:51; 3:13,27; Rom 10:6; Heb 9:24; Rev 3:12; 10:1; 16:17)]
plural - no def. art. (17x) = literally, "skies" [figuratively for a plural Hebraism: Hebrew shamayim for "Heaven" as God's spiritual home]
Note: the Hebrew plural shamayim is usually translated by the English singular "Heaven" as a euphemism for “YHWH”.
Translation: skies (Mt 24:31; Eph 6:9; Phil 3:20; 2Pe3:5,12,13) [fig.: (a pl. Hebraism) Heaven (Mt 5:45; 12:50; 18:14,19; Eph 3:15)]
________________________________________
singular - no def. art. (44x) = literally, "sky" [figuratively for the Hebraism or for the Hebrew euphemism using the singular for "Heaven/YHWH"]
Note: The Hebraic euphemism is a human invention, and the use of "YHWH" is common in the Old Testament (see Comment NT2962 for full explanation). So, to distinguish it, I have translated it as a unit - "Heaven/YHWH".
Translation: sky (Mt. 24:30a; 28:2,18; Mk. 10:21; Lk. 3:22) [fig.: by Hebraism - "Heaven", or by Hebraic euphemism - "YHWH"]
Heaven (Mt. 18:18; Mk. 13:32; Lk. 11:16) / YHWH(Mt. 21:25; Mk. 11:30,31; Lk. 19:38)]
In the TENT Lexicon, the translation forms for NT3772 appear as: "sky [fig.: (by Hebraisms) spiritual-realm / (no def. art.) Heaven (a Hebrew plural but a Greek singular) /(singular as Heb. euphemism for "YHWH"), that is, "Heaven/YHWH]".
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
So that you can easily see the results of exploring the deistic functions in the New Testament, I plan to post the sacred names lists for the deistic functions on the Downloads page. Expanding these lists to include Dead Sea scroll Septuagint occurrences would probably find some interesting translations. Maybe someone would like to do that...
[when finished, add lists to downloads page in normal print format for copying]?
[see: sacred names.txt]
Delving into the Greek article's "switched-off" function, I found that I needed an overview of the different grammatical contexts in which the deistic and switch functions modify certain crucial words. These words are not names, but nouns that are sometimes used in the NT as titles for Deity, i.e. God, Lord, Anointed-One, Son, Father, (Pure-)Spirit and Heaven.
Under specific conditions (listed below), I label these titles either "deistic" or "switched". Scholars of NT Greek refer to many of these by a Latin term with the English meaning "sacred names". They are roughly the same as what the TENT translation calls the Greek article's "deistic' and "switched" functions, some of which seem to have evolved from certain ancient Hebraisms and euphemisms.
Making a verse reference list for each of those "deistic" and "switched" titles, and looking up each occurrence in context, I noted how they could be translated when they occurred with and without the article, and as either singular or plural nouns. Each combination of these variations of article and number seems to describe a distinct meaning consistent with every same Greek grammatical combination occurrence.
The Greek articles take some digging to sort out, because the articles in English Bible verses are not necessarily also there in the Greek. The reverse is also true. Articles in the Greek are not necessarily there in English translations. Until now, translators have had fairly free rein when deciding whether or not the Greek article should be translated into English, or whether it was a hindrance to English style. Now an accurate and consistent TENT translation of the Greek article's deistic and switch functions changes that.
My overall conclusion is that the deistic article, the presence of the non-vocative Greek article before an unmodified Greek noun, is a Hebraic/Greek device indicating that the noun is in relationship to YHWH, i.e. the love [from-YHWH]. The switch function, the non-vocative Greek article's absence before a title of Deity such as 'Lord' or 'Son', is meant to imply the name, "YHWH", i.e. "YHWH" instead of "Lord" or "God", or it might imply part of a title, i.e. Lord [-YHWH] or it might imply a Person of YHWH, e. g. [YHWH's-]Son. In such a NT switch function situation (no article), 'Father', 'Son' or 'Spirit' are to be understood as 'YHWH', that is, as "Father[-YHWH]", [YHWH's-]Son, and [YHWH's-]Spirit.
In these two ways, either the presence or absence of the Greek article, allows the Tetragrammaton, “YHWH”, to be perfectly understood by koine Greek readers or hearers without breaking the traditional man-made Hebraic taboo, that is, without the pronouncing of, or even the appearance of, the Sacred Name, יְהוָ֑ה / “YHWH”.
The recognition and understanding of this cultural/linguistic device unfortunately did not survive the centuries of Jewish exile and persecution. With the active hostility of the Dark and Middle ages “universal church” bent on either erasing or modifying much of the Jewish spiritual heritage, the Hebraic tradition of the deistic article and switch function ‘disappeared’, that is, they became no longer recognized, at least in western Church translated Scripture.
To give an idea of the various deistic use cases which I found were possible, I include some here from lists of the Nomina Sacra, the "sacred names", as they relate to the different deistic and grammar functions.
***The "sacred names" below are found in the form of abbreviations above lines of ancient Greek NT texts, some before 300CE. Post lists of all their occurrences in the NT in the Downloads section, and how they are translated in the TENT. See on the Downloads page, after this page is finished. [LINK]
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
***
Greek noun or title: θεός / thay-ahs'
(Strong's # NT2316) meaning: (a) mighty-one / (a) god / (a) judge
Examples below are translated from Hebraic biblical Greek in the TENT as shown in the categories of the deistic and switch functions, and I also include the vocative case for comparison :
1.) After a Greek deistic article , θεός functions as a Greek Hebraic euphemism for a title of deity: "The Mighty One"
Examples:
a. Mat. 5:34 - "...it is a throne for The [deistic artic.] Mighty One;"
b. Mat. 22:32 - "He is not The [deistic artic.] Mighty One for ones dead, instead, for ones living."
c. 2Cor. 1:19 - "For the Son of The [deistic artic.] Mighty One,..."
2.) with no preceding article θεός functions as the Greek Hebraic switch function for the name of Deity, the Tetragrammaton: "YHWH"
Examples:
a. Mat. 14:33 - "You are YHWH's Son..."
b. 1 Cor. 7:7 - "...each one has their own granting from YHWH"
c. Heb. 12:23 - "...and to YHWH, Judge of all people..."
3.) in the Greek vocative case, θεός indicates direct address: "O Mighty One" / “O God"
Examples:
a. Mat. 27:46 - [voc. case] "O my God!" translated from Heb./Aram.- "Eli" - "my God") (2x)
b. Luke 18:11 - [voc. case] "O Mighty One, I thank You..."
c. Heb. 1:8 - "...Your throne, [voc. case.] O Mighty One, is..."
TENT Translation examples:
Rev. 21:3 - "3 Then I heard a great voice from the [deistic artic.] throne [of-YHWH] calling out: 'Behold! The tent of The Mighty One is amidst the [deistic artic.] people [of-YHWH], and He will encamp together with them, and they will be His peoples, and The Mighty One Himself will be among them.'"
[More examples: 2 Cor. 6:16, Gal. 1:4, Eph. 3:9, Col. 4:12, 2Tim. 3:17, Heb. 3:4, Jam. 2:5, Rev. 3:14, Rev. 4:8, Rev. 7:10,12,15, Rev. 11:17, Rev. 14:19, Rev. 15:3, Rev. 16:7]
_________________________________
_________________________________________
3. singular with no Grk. article: "(a) mighty one / judge" / OR [switch function]: “YHWH”
a. Heb. 1:6- "...and all YHWH's angels bow down before Him!"
b. 1 Jn. 4:12 - "No one has seen YHWH even once;..." [Exo 33:20]
c. Lk. 20:38 - "Now He is not [a] god/mighty one for ones dead, but for ones living;..."
TENT Translation examples: see written note under paperclip;
find one big juicy one
[More examples: abt. 1-1/2 lines of refs.
_________________________________________
4. plural with no Grk. article: "skies / (Hebraism ) Heaven" (from shamayim, a Hebrew plural often used in the OT as a euphemism for God's name)
TENT Translation examples:
[More examples:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
***
Lord -
Greek noun/title: κύριος / koo'-ree-ahs (S# NT2962)
1. with Grk. article: “the lord / the Lord”
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address, “O Lord”
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article: "(a) lord" OR [switch function]: “YHWH”
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
_________________________________________________________________________________
Messiah -
Greek noun/title: Μεσσίας / meh-see'-ahs (S# NT3323 - a Greek transliteration from Hebrew OT4899 - Mah-shee'-akh)
Eng. transliteration of the Grk.: "Messiah" / Eng. translation of Grk./Heb.: "Anointed-One")
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________________
***
Anointed-One / (possessive) Anointed-One's -
Greek adjective/title : Χριστιανός / khris-tee-ah-nahs' (S# NT5546, from S# NT5547 - anointed-one)
possessive as adj.: Anointed-One's [fig.: Christian/Messianic]
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
4. possessive form:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________
Son -
Greek noun/title: υἱός / we-ahs' (S# NT5207 – son / offspring [fig.: potential-heir])
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Father -
Greek noun/title: πατήρ / pah-tehr' (S# NT3962 – father [from Aramaic S# OT2])
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
___________________________________________________________________________________
***
Spirit -
Greek noun/title: πνεῦμα / new'-muh (S# NT4151 – spirit [with S# NT40 - Pure-Spirit ] ) [see Comment on "Holy" (S# NT40)
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
[More examples:
______________________________________________________________________________________
sky/Heaven (singular and plural in combinations with deistic and switch functions for various Hebraic euphemisms as below)
The following is how this pattern of number and definite article seems to work for literal, figurative, and Hebraic meanings for Strong's NT3772, including a possible Hebraic euphemism, and example verses of each type. Note: presence or absence of the Greek (definite) article is a key to these translations.
First let's take the Greek singular :
The Greek singular noun for "sky" is also used for the Hebraic euphemism for YHWH, i.e. "Heaven" and also for the sacred name "YHWH" Greek singular noun : οὐρανός / oo-rah-nahs' (S# NT3772 – sky. Greek plural with no article
1. with Grk. article:
a.
b.
c.
2. with Grk. vocative article, a title of address,
a.
b.
c.
3. no Grk. article (singular):
a.
b.
c.
TENT translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
Let's take the Greek plural next:
4. no Grk. article (plural):
a.
b.
c.
TENT Translation examples:
1.
2.
3.
3772-
plural with def. art. (72x) = literally, "(the) skies" [figuratively by Hebraism for "(the) spiritual realms" - Mt. 12:50]
Note: I have chosen to translate the Hebrew euphemism "the heavens" with "the spiritual realms" to avoid confusion. In current English "the heavens" is a poetic form for the starry night sky and lacks the required spiritual dimension to fully translate the Hebraic euphemism. / Also cp. Comment NT3588 (last half)
Translation: (the) skies (Mt 3:17; 5:12; 13:52; 16:17; 16:19; 18:10; Mk 1:11; 13:25b; Lk 21:26b;Heb1:10;2Pet3:7) [fig.: (by Hebraism) (the) spiritual-realms (Mt 3:2; 12:16; Mk 11:25; 12:25; Lk 10:20; 11:2a; Act 2:34; 2Cor 5:1; Eph 1:10; Col 1:5; Heb 4:14; 9:23; Rev 12:12)]
___________________________________
singular with def. art. (139x) = literally, "(the) sky" [figuratively by Hebraism for "(the) spiritual realm"]
Note: Also cp. Comment NT3588 (last half)
Translation: (the) sky (Mat 14:19; 16:1; 24:29b; 24:30; 26:64; Mk 7:34; Mk 13:25a; Lk 4:25) [fig.: (by Hebraism) (the) spiritual-realm (Mt 5:34; 16:1; 22:30; Lk 13:25a; Lk 3:21; 6:23; Jn 1:51; 3:13,27; Rom 10:6; Heb 9:24; Rev 3:12; 10:1; 16:17)]
plural - no def. art. (17x) = literally, "skies" [figuratively for a plural Hebraism: Hebrew shamayim for "Heaven" as God's spiritual home]
Note: the Hebrew plural shamayim is usually translated by the English singular "Heaven" as a euphemism for “YHWH”.
Translation: skies (Mt 24:31; Eph 6:9; Phil 3:20; 2Pe3:5,12,13) [fig.: (a pl. Hebraism) Heaven (Mt 5:45; 12:50; 18:14,19; Eph 3:15)]
________________________________________
singular - no def. art. (44x) = literally, "sky" [figuratively for the Hebraism or for the Hebrew euphemism using the singular for "Heaven/YHWH"]
Note: The Hebraic euphemism is a human invention, and the use of "YHWH" is common in the Old Testament (see Comment NT2962 for full explanation). So, to distinguish it, I have translated it as a unit - "Heaven/YHWH".
Translation: sky (Mt. 24:30a; 28:2,18; Mk. 10:21; Lk. 3:22) [fig.: by Hebraism - "Heaven", or by Hebraic euphemism - "YHWH"]
Heaven (Mt. 18:18; Mk. 13:32; Lk. 11:16) / YHWH(Mt. 21:25; Mk. 11:30,31; Lk. 19:38)]
In the TENT Lexicon, the translation forms for NT3772 appear as: "sky [fig.: (by Hebraisms) spiritual-realm / (no def. art.) Heaven (a Hebrew plural but a Greek singular) /(singular as Heb. euphemism for "YHWH"), that is, "Heaven/YHWH]".
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So that you can easily see the results of exploring the deistic functions in the New Testament, I plan to post the sacred names lists for the deistic functions on the Downloads page. Expanding these lists to include Dead Sea scroll Septuagint occurrences would probably find some interesting translations. Maybe someone would like to do that...
[when finished, add lists to downloads page in normal print format for copying]?